Downoload text in pdf.

In the modern physics, an electron is a point, a proton and neutron are balls, an atomic nucleus is a ball formed from balls, an atom is a ball formed from balls with balls (electrons) on the orbits (orbitals). Problems only arise from this model for the construction of the microworld. The most vivid example of it can be the models for the construction of an atomic nucleus. For a description of properties of an atomic nucleus, there are currently two main models (shell and liquid drop) and some secondary ones. They are completely incompatible models; each of them has been created for an explanation of other properties of an atomic nucleus.
And life teaches that the existence of only two theories means a lack of a theory.
Protons of a nucleus have a positive charge. Thus, a consequence of the model of a nucleus as a ball formed from balls was a need to introduce an additional impact whose only task is to hold protons in the nucleus. This interaction, called strong, must have an unimaginable, illogical property. Its force is projected to increase together with increasing distance, which is in clear contradiction with basic in physics, indisputable Coulomb’s law. Moreover, the view that particles are balls leads to the occurrence of infinitely large forces of interaction in the classical Coulomb’s formula.

Another completely unsolved problem is why a point electron does not fall on a spherical nucleus.

In the microworld, a point and a ball are the sources of endless problems of the modern physics, which reduce physics to absurdity.

In the eighties of the last century, physicists concluded that elementary particles should be of a string, not a point, structure. Such an approach to the problem eliminates the occurrence of infinitely large forces of interaction in the classical Coulomb’s formula. A good start but further proceedings are rather so-so.
Physicists place those strings in additional dimensions of space. From extremely profound mathematical considerations they concluded that those strings should be in the tenth and the twenty-sixth dimension. The dimensions are invisible because the are rolled up to extremely small sizes. At present, the man has no access to them. Thus, the string theory cannot be verified. It should have been shelved.

Model 31, from the beginning to the end, is a string theory. Those elastic, constantly vibrating strings really exist in our three-dimensional world. A quantum of energy is a suitably shaped, elastic, two-dimensional string. Under certain conditions, the quantum can give origin to an electron or positron, to elementary, three-dimensional, spin-equipped particles. Those particles vibrate constantly. A result of the vibrations is a production of field lines. At the same time, each electron and positron produces an electric field line, a gravitational field line, and magnetic field lines. Field lines allow elementary particles to combine into larger aggregates. Those elementary particles form protons. Neutralized protons form atoms. Atoms form chemical particles. And so on, and so forth, until the rise of life on Earth.

An electron and positron are strings. Strings can be formed into a chain. Therefore, the microworld has a chain construction. A proton is a chain formed from electrons and positrons. An atomic nucleus is a chain whose links constitute the helium and deuterium nuclei. Organic compounds (proteins, sugars, fats, DNA) also have a chain construction. This means that there is no significant difference in the “philosophy” of the construction of organic and inorganic world.